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Academic Grammar
Articles
Reference Forms
Subject/Verb Agreement
Tenses and Aspects
Passive Voice
Modal Verbs
Noun Clauses / Gerunds / Infinitives
Transitional Signals
Adjective Clauses
Participial Phrases
Emphatic Structures
Parallelism
Prepositions
Articles
冠詞
請選出適當的冠詞
Choose the most appropriate article.
1. Foreign military intervention is __________ only resolution of the conflicts inside the country.
an
the
X
答對!
答錯!
2. West Point is one of __________ most prestigious military academies in the U.S.A.
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
3. The American Institute in Taiwan is in charge of commercial, cultural, and other affairs between __________ two sides.
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
4. There are many codes of __(1)__ conduct for __(2)__ doctors to obey when they are giving a clinical diagnosis.
(4-1)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(4-2)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
5. Water is __
(1)
__ compound composed of __
(2)
__ hydrogen and __
(3)
__ oxygen.
(5-1)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(5-2)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(5-3)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
6. Covering 1.5 million acres, the Everglades were established as __
(1)
__ national park in 1947. __
(2)
__ area is home to more than 300 species of birds and over 1,000 species of plants. Of __
(3)
__ plants species, over 20 percent are non-native or exotic invaders
(6-1)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(6-2)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(6-3)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
7. Peer review is best carried out with a group of three or four student writers. Every member of __
(1)
__ group should have __
(2)
__ draft and give a copy of the draft to __
(3)
__ others to review. After __
(4)
__ reviewing, __
(5)
__ members write down their comments on how __
(6)
__ writer can improve his/her draft. __
(7)
__ beauty of peer review is that it can help student writers to discover new ideas and develop analytical skills.
(7-1)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(7-2)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(7-3)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(7-4)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(7-5)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(7-6)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
(7-7)
a
the
X
答對!
答錯!
Total
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Reference Forms
指涉詞
請判斷句子中畫底線的字詞所指涉的對象。
1. An animal study indicated that the mother rat’s diet during pregnancy may affect
that
of the daughter during puberty.
that =
that = diet
2. Before experiment, selenium was predicted to reduce the incidence of diabetes. On the contrary, the results showed it might increase
the risk
.
the risk =
the risk = the incidence of diabetes
3. The US government promises to withdraw troops from Iraq as long as
it
is ready to assume responsibilities.
it =
it = Iraq
4. The president has an orientation to his own environmental policies, which differ from
those
in the Congress.
those =
those = environmental policies
5. Patients want to be treated as a unique human being, not a simplified version of a textbook case.
Such an attitude
should be understood and respected by all physicians.
Such an attitude =
Such an attitude = Patients want to be treated as a unique human being, not a simplified version of a textbook case.
6. Brainstorming works best within a writing classroom, but
it (1)
can also be used outside class. Brainstorming starts at the point when a topic or subject has been chosen, and the members of a writing group throw out ideas related to
it (2)
. As one member initiates a thought,
it (3)
will help
the others
to come up with relevant or opposing ideas. The key point is for all the members to stay open to
these ideas
and discuss them. When the session is going to end, the members of the writing group decide which ideas to use and
which
to throw away.
Such an activity
is an effective way of generating writing ideas.
it (1) =
brainstorming
it (2) =
a topic or subject
it (3) =
a thought
the others =
the members of a writing group
these ideas =
relevant or opposing ideas
which =
which ideas
Such an activity =
brainstorming
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Subject/Verb Agreement
主詞與動詞的一致
請根據主詞單複數選出適當的動詞形式。
1. That birds can communicate the flu to humans __________ that caution needs to be taken against the outbreak of the epidemic.
means
mean
答對!
答錯!
2. To criticize people's religious orientation __________ considered impolite in some cultures.
*
is
are
答對!
答錯!
3. The homeless desperately __________ shelters.
needs
need
答對!
答錯!
4. One of the functions of the Grand Justices __________ to interpret the Constitution.
is
are
答對!
答錯!
5. A large farm house, together with two groups of farm cottages, __________ the main focus of this landscape painting.
is
are
答對!
答錯!
6. Neither paper _________ he specific-factors model.
tests
test
答對!
答錯!
7. At issue __________ the existence of a possible gap between consumer awareness and consumer behavior.
is
are
答對!
答錯!
8. There __________ no guarantee of work offered after the trial period when workers sign a contract with the corporation.
is
are
答對!
答錯!
9. The fact that many artists in history suffered from depression __________ that art creation may be a result of pain.
suggests
suggest
答對!
答錯!
10. Twenty-five percent of the respondents __________ male.
is
are
答對!
答錯!
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Tenses and Aspects
時態
請選出適當的動詞時態。
1. All publications __________ immediately available to the subscribers after they are issued.
were
is
will be
答對!
答錯!
2. The court ruled that the prosecutor's investigation into the accident __________ carried out in conformity with the law.
*
had been
is
will be
答對!
答錯!
3. To date, many historical monographs __________ given their accounts on why the Roman Empire collapsed.
had
have
will have
答對!
答錯!
4. Many common quotations in the English language __________ taken from the Bible.
were
are
will be
答對!
答錯!
5. The Constitution of May 3, 1791, Europe's first modern codified national constitution, __________ the principle of majority rule.
established
establishes
will establish
答對!
答錯!
6. The aim of the present paper __________ to investigate the impact of in-service training on teachers’ performance.
was
is
will be
答對!
答錯!
7. The relationship between poverty and illiteracy __________ been investigated by many researchers.
had
have
will have
答對!
答錯!
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Passive Voice
被動語態
請用被動語態改寫原句
1.No one can predict the future but we could create it.
The future ...
The future cannot be predicted but could be created.
2.Diagnosis and treatment of many diseases such as congestive heart failure require blood volume measurement.
Blood volume measurement ...
Blood volume measurement is required in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases such as congestive heart failure.
3. Buildings in the public area must provide a safe access for people with disabilities.
A safe access for ...
A safe access for people with disabilities must be provided in buildings in the public area.
4. The experiment has put much emphasis on justifying the manipulation of the parameters.
Much emphasis ...
Much emphasis has been put on justifying the manipulation of the parameters in the experiment.
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請判斷該動詞為主動或被動語態。
5. It ____ that excessive exposure to sunlight is in correlation with the risk of skin cancer.
believes
is believed
答對!
答錯
6. The congress passed a bill against racial discrimination to facilitate the integration of different ethnic groups. The integration ______ very important for the social harmony.
considers
is considered
答對!
答錯
7. The historian assumed that a sequence of events caused the outbreak of the Black Death. The assumption ________ by more and more medical documents unearthed.
confirms
has been confirmed
答對!
答錯
8. A dependable post-crisis economy __
(1)
__ after the greatest economic downturn since the Depression, but what possible paths will a post-crisis economy lead the world onto? One possible path is that the rate of economic growth in a post-crisis economy __
(2)
__ the same as it was before the crisis, but what has been lost __
(3)
__ forever. The other is that the growth rate will never be able to return to its previous level, thus further restricting the growth of investment, employment and productivity. Restricted growth rate, if persisting, will __
(4)
__ the world economy. Hence, to enhance the overall economic growth, policies should __
(5)
__ to expand demand in the private sector and make cautious financial changes to sustain the regained economic growth. In addition, the problem of unemployment should __
(6)
__ , but simultaneously the flexibility of the labor market should not __
(7)
__. Most importantly, the productivity growth should __
(8)
__ by promoting innovation and trade.
(1)
needs
is needed
答對!
答錯!
(2)
remains
is remained
答對!
答錯!
(3)
loses
is lost
答對!
答錯!
(4)
damage
be damaged
答對!
答錯!
(5)
establish
be established
答對!
答錯!
(6)
address
be addressed
答對!
答錯!
(7)
sacrifice
be sacrificed
答對!
答錯!
(8)
encourage
be encouraged
答對!
答錯!
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Modal Verbs
情態助動詞
請選出適當的情態助動詞。
1. The course of nuclear physics ________ introduce the building blocks of atomic nuclei and how they interact.
may
will
must
答對!
答錯!
2. The government ________ dispose of nuclear waste with caution.
*
must
can
may
答對!
答錯!
3. As required by the law, each geographical area _______ have members of parliament in proportion to its aggregate population.
would
could
should
答對!
答錯!
4. Candidates _______ remain seated until all the papers have been collected.
can
may
shall
答對!
答錯!
5. These injured victims _______ have been saved if they had been sent to the hospital earlier.
could
will
must
答對!
答錯!
6. Before the invention of anesthetics, patients ______ have endured great pain during operations.
will
should
must
答對!
答錯!
7. All the students _________ have remembered how to solve this equation, but it turned out that most of them did not.
would
should
must
答對!
答錯!
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Noun Clauses / Gerunds / Infinitives
名詞子句、動名詞、不定詞
請依提示填入名詞子句、動名詞片語或不定詞片語。
1.
．Why did the Roman Empire collapse?
．Many historical monographs have given their accounts on this.
Many historical monographs have given their accounts on
why the Roman Empire collapsed.
2.
．How can words sometimes be taken out of context and meanings twisted in the articles?
．A good reader should know this.
A good reader should know
how words can sometimes be taken out of context and meanings twisted in the articles.
3.
．Should prayer be an appropriate subject for scientific study?
．This is often debated.
..... is often debated.
Whether prayer should be an appropriate subject for scientific study is often debated.
4.
．Philosophers could use the same argument but come to different conclusions.
．This is intriguing.
It is intriguing
that philosophers could use the same argument but come to different conclusions.
5.
．Over-the-hill tennis players can play on the senior tour.
．It is a reasonable way for over-the-hill tennis players to extend their careers.
.... is a reasonable way for over-the-hill tennis players to extend their careers
Playing/To play on the senior tour
6.
．The contractor failed to meet the required standards.
．It cost him the million-dollar contract.
The contractor’s _______ cost him the million-dollar contract.
failing to meet the required standards
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Transitional Signals
轉承語
請選出適當的轉承語。
1. There are more and more immigrants living in Taiwan _______ there is still not enough appreciation of the importance of respect and diversity.
even if
while
because
答對!
答錯!
2. The contract was negated _______ the performance of the company failed to meet the required standards.
*
until
whereas
because
答對!
答錯!
3. Many people cannot quit smoking _______ they know there is a close link between smoking and lung cancer.
although
since
when
答對!
答錯!
4. France has warned to stop economic aid ________ the Somali government shows more commitment to democratic reform.
unless
so that
after
答對!
答錯!
5. The use of the multimedia technology is not a replacement for, _______ a complement to the class discussion and learning.
and
but
or
答對!
答錯!
6.There are certain rules of cell phone manners that everyone should know. __(1)__, people are usually annoyed by those who speak loudly on the phone in the movie theater or concert hall. In order to avoid interrupting other people in the audience on such occasions, __(2)__, cell phones should always be switched to vibration mode or even switched off. __(3)__, cell phone users should talk on their cell phones in a voice clear enough to be heard by the receiver but not so loud as to be heard by others. __(4)__ someone is expecting an important phone call during a meeting, he or she should ask to be excused to answer the phone; __(5)__, it is very impolite to answer it during the meeting. __(6)__, cell phone users should always consider others when using their phones.
(6-1)
In other words
For example
On the other hand
答對!
答錯!
(6-2)
therefore
in contrast
moreover
答對!
答錯!
(6-3)
However
In fact
In addition
答對!
答錯!
(6-4)
If
Unless
Although
答對!
答錯!
(6-5)
rather
otherwise
nevertheless
答對!
答錯!
(6-6)
Above all
On the contrary
In conclusion
答對!
答錯!
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Adjective Clauses
關係子句
請選出適當的關係代名詞。
1. People would sometimes invoke Einstein as the smartest person ________ ever lived in the world.
that
whose
whom
答對!
答錯!
2. Wind power, hydropower, and solar power are sources for the generation of electricity, all of _______ are renewable.
*
whom
that
which
答對!
答錯!
3. Experts contend that the capacity of the Earth is overwhelmed by human population, ________ might lead to consequent poverty and misery.
which
where
whose
答對!
答錯!
4. Many Internet users are also professional buyers ________ would purchase merchandise in bulk and get a better price.
who
whom
whose
答對!
答錯!
5. Cold-blooded animals, _______ internal mechanism cannot regulate their body temperature, need to move in and out of sun and shade.
which
whose
where
答對!
答錯!
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Participial Phrases
分詞構句
1至4題為簡化副詞子句；5至6題為簡化關係子句；7至10題為句子合併，請將句子後有***者當成主要子句，並將另一句改成分詞片語。
1. The machine could not work because its mechanism broke down.
Its mechanism breaking down, the machine could not work.
2. Although the theory is not supported by available evidence, it is still reasonably justified by intuition.
Although not supported by available evidence, the theory is still reasonably justified by intuition.
3. After they were laid off, many resolved to start their own businesses.
After being laid off, many resolved to start their own businesses.
4. When all things are considered, the underlying cause of the crime in the city is poverty.
All things considered, the underlying cause of crime in the city is poverty.
5. The software could help the user restore files that are accidentally deleted.
The software could help the user restore files accidentally deleted.
6. The new ruler embraces a socialist ideology which emphasizes the fair distribution of social resources.
The new ruler embraces a socialist ideology emphasizing the fair distribution of social resources.
7. ．The Taiwan High Speed Rail integrates the western parts of Taiwan into one big metropolis.*** ．The Taiwan High Speed Rail began its operation in 2007.
Beginning its operation in 2007, the Taiwan High Speed Rail integrates the western parts of Taiwan into one big metropolis.
8. ．Alcohol is one of the major factors leading to traffic accidents. ．Alcohol is responsible for more than 500 deaths in Taiwan annually.***
(Being) one of the major factors leading to traffic accidents, alcohol is responsible for more than 500 deaths in Taiwan annually.
9. ．A tsunami is generated by an underwater explosion. ．A tsunami can cause devastating damage due to the high energy involved.***
Generated by an underwater explosion, a tsunami can cause devastating damage due to the high energy involved.
10. ．Trees can retain water and hold soil in place. ．Trees help prevent mudslides when heavy rain falls.***
Retaining water and hold soil in place, trees help prevent mudslides when heavy rain falls.
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Emphatic Structures
強調結構
1至4題用倒裝句改寫；5至8題用分裂句強調句子中畫底線的部份。
1. Art is so unlimited and refreshing that everyone could make his or her own interpretation and gives new life to the work.
So unlimited and refreshing is art that everyone could make his or her own interpretation and gives new life to the work.
2. The answer to the origin of the universe is by no means straightforward.
By no means is the answer to the origin of the universe straightforward.
3. Most people could not appreciate the significance of environmental protection until dramatic climate changes occurred recently.
Not until dramatic climate changes occurred recently could most people appreciate the significance of environmental protection.
4. People of the older generation rarely display affection in public.
Rarely do people of the older generation display affection in public.
5. The rising population imposed a heavy burden on the food supply of the country.
It was the rising population that imposed a heavy burden on the food supply of the country.
6. The Central Bank made an upward adjustment to the interest rates in response to the overheated real estate market.
It was in response to the overheated real estate market that the Central Bank made an upward adjustment to the interest rates.
7. The legislators adopted an amendment to the traffic law to make it illegal for drivers to talk on a cell phone.
It was an amendment to the traffic law that the legislators adopted to make it illegal for drivers to talk on a cell phone.
8. A fully automated system has been introduced to the factory to increase production.
It is to increase production that a fully automated system has been introduced to the factory.
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Parallelism
平行結構
1至5題用指定的對等連接詞將兩個句子合併；6至8題將句子改寫，以符合平行結構。
1. both... and...
．The Royal Academy of Arts holds free exhibitions to promote modern art.
．The Royal Academy of Arts holds paid-entry exhibitions to promote modern art.
請將兩個句子合併:
The Royal Academy of Arts holds both free and paid-entry exhibitions to promote modern art.
2. not only... but also...
．Parents have to care for the physical growth of children.
．Parents have to care for the mental development of children.
請將兩個句子合併:
Parents have to care for not only the physical growth but also the mental development of children.
3. either... or...
．The costs of subsidies for citizens are now being shifted to other government programs.
．The costs of subsidies for citizens are now being shifted to the private sector.
請將兩個句子合併:
The costs of subsidies for citizens are now being shifted either to other government programs or to the private sector.
4. neither... nor...
．The economy-boosting measures did not compensate for the financial crunch.
．The economy-boosting measures did not increase consumer spending.
請將兩個句子合併:
The economy-boosting measures neither compensated for the financial crunch nor increased consumer spending.
5. nor
．The earthquake did not destroy the framework of the nuclear power plant.
．The earthquake did not damage the confinement shell around the nuclear reactor.
請將兩個句子合併:
The earthquake did not destroy the framework of the nuclear power plant, nor did it damage the confinement shell around the nuclear reactor.
6. Passengers are prohibited from eating or they cannot drink in the MRT system.
將句子改寫，以符合平行結構:
Passengers are prohibited from eating or drinking in the MRT system.
7. The primary school puts much emphasis on hands-on learning through art projects, field trips and it emphasizes community involvement.
將句子改寫，以符合平行結構:
The primary school puts much emphasis on hands-on learning through art projects, field trips and community involvement.
8. An anti-virus software could only reduce but they could not eliminate the potential risks of computers to get infected.
將句子改寫，以符合平行結構:
An anti-virus software could only reduce but not eliminate the potential risks of computers to get infected.
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Prepositions
介系詞
請選出適當的介係詞。
1. When one takes risks, he or she is, _______ definition, not in control of the results.
by
in
on
答對!
答錯!
2. It is an appalling misunderstanding that people sometimes equate terrorists ______ members of the Islamic faith.
*
for
with
of
答對!
答錯!
3. ______ convention, ministers are responsible to Parliament for the conduct of their department.
In
At
By
答對!
答錯!
4. Hard evidence is required to convince the academia _______ the proposed theory.
with
for
of
答對!
答錯!
5. The death rate of newborns in this country is _______ the decline given the improved medical equipment.
on
at
by
答對!
答錯!
6. The professor attached much importance _______ the rationale of the theory.
of
to
at
答對!
答錯!
7. The government must dispose ________ nuclear waste with caution.
of
to
with
答對!
答錯!
8. Heavy research is preliminary _______ the production of a documentary film.
of
to
with
答對!
答錯!
9. People in the state-run enterprise have to work __
(1)
__ parallel __
(2)
__ the nation's policy.
(9-1)
in
by
at
答對!
答錯!
(9-2)
for
of
to
答對!
答錯!
10. In a representative system, the politicians speak and vote __
(1)
__ behalf __
(2)
__ the majority of the citizens.
(10-1)
on
at
by
答對!
答錯!
(10-2)
for
of
to
答對!
答錯!
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